Adsorption is a phenomenon in surface chemistry where molecules or ions from a gas or liquid adhere to the surface of a solid. The process involves the adhesion of the adsorbate molecules to the surface of the adsorbent material. This is typically driven by attractive intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding. Adsorption plays a crucial role in various industrial processes, including purification, separation, and catalysis. It is employed in numerous applications, such as water treatment, gas purification, drug delivery systems, and chromatography. Understanding the principles of adsorption is essential for optimizing the design and functioning of these processes and materials.